By Cindy Wooden
VATICAN CITY (CNS) — People who are dying must be
accompanied with the love of family members and the care of medical
professionals, but there is no requirement that every means available must be
used to prolong their lives, Pope Francis said.
“Even if we know that we cannot always guarantee
healing or a cure, we can and must always care for the living, without
ourselves shortening their life, but also without futilely resisting their
death,” the pope said in a message to the European members of the World
Medical Association.
“This approach is reflected in palliative care, which
is proving most important in our culture, as it opposes what makes death most
terrifying and unwelcome: pain and loneliness,” the pope said.
The European members of the medical association were meeting
at the Vatican Nov. 16-17 for a discussion with the Pontifical Academy for Life
on end-of-life care. At the same time, across St. Peter’s Square, the Vatican
Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development and the International
Confederation of Catholic Health Care Institutions were hosting a meeting on
inequalities in health care.
Pope Francis’ message touched both topics, which he said
intersect when determining what level of medical intervention is most
appropriate when a person is dying.
“Increasingly sophisticated and costly treatments are
available to ever more limited and privileged segments of the population,”
the pope said, “and this raises questions about the sustainability of
health care delivery and about what might be called a systemic tendency toward
growing inequality in health care.
“This tendency is clearly visible at a global level,
particularly when different continents are compared,” he said. “But
it is also present within the more wealthy countries, where access to
health care risks being more dependent on individuals’ economic resources than
on their actual need for treatment.”
A variety of factors must be taken into account when
determining what medical interventions to use and for how long with a person
approaching the end of his or her earthly life, Pope Francis said. For those
with resources, treatments are available that “have powerful effects on
the body, yet at times do not serve the integral good of the person.”
Even 60 years ago, he said, Pope Pius XII told anesthesiologists
and intensive care specialists that “there is no obligation to have
recourse in all circumstances to every possible remedy and that, in some
specific cases, it is permissible to refrain from their use.”
Determining what measures amount to “therapeutic obstinacy”
or “overzealous” treatment, and are therefore either optional or even
harmful, requires discernment and discussion with the patient, the patient’s
family and the caregivers.
“From an ethical standpoint,” the pope said, withholding
or withdrawing excessive treatment “is completely different from
euthanasia, which is always wrong, in that the intent of euthanasia is to end
life and cause death.”
In determining the best course of action in caring for a
dying person, the pope said, “the mechanical application of a general rule
is not sufficient.”
If the patient is competent and able, the pope said, he or
she “has the right, obviously in dialogue with medical professionals, to
evaluate a proposed treatment and to judge its actual proportionality in his or
her concrete case” and to refuse the treatment “if such
proportionality is judged lacking.”
In either case, he said, even medical professionals must
follow “the supreme commandment of responsible closeness,” remaining
alongside those who are dying.
“It could be said that the categorical imperative is to
never abandon the sick,” he said. “The anguish associated with
conditions that bring us to the threshold of human mortality, and the
difficulty of the decision we have to make, may tempt us to step back from the
patient. Yet this is where, more than anything else, we are called to show love
and closeness, recognizing the limit that we all share and showing our
solidarity.”
“Let each of us give love in his or her own way — as a
father, a mother, a son, a daughter, a brother or sister, a doctor or a nurse.
But give it!” Pope Francis said.
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